Electrical safety standards

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Electrical safety is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous effects on workers from electric current, electric arc, electromagnetic field and static electricity.

Video Electrical safety standards

History

The electrical safety develops with the technical progress. In 1989 OSHA promulgated a much-needed regulation in the General Industry Regulations. Several standards are defined for control of hazardous energy, or lockout/tagout. In 1995 OSHA was successful in promulgation of regulations for utility. In 1994 were established Electrical Safety Foundation International non-profit organization dedicated exclusively to promoting electrical safety at home and in the workplace.

• Standard 29 CFR 1910.269 - for electric power generation, transmission, and distribution, contained comprehensive regulations and addressed control of hazardous energy sources for power plant locations

Standards are compared with those of IEEE and NFPA(National Fire Protection Association).

Maps Electrical safety standards

Lightning and Earthing protection

Lightning and Earthing protection systems are essential for the protection of humans, structures,protecting buildings from mechanical destruction caused by lightning effects and the associated risk of fire, Transmission lines, and electrical equipment from electric shock and Overcurrent.

Earthing protection systems

• TT system
• TN system
• IT system

Lightning protection systems

• lightning rod (simple rod or with triggering system)
• lightning rod with taut wires.
• lightning conductor with meshed cage (Faraday cage)

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Physiological Effects of Electricity

Electrical shocks on humans can lead to permanent disabilities or death. Size, frequency and duration of the electrical current affect the damage. The effects from electric shock can be: stopping the heart beating properly, preventing the person from breathing, causing muscle spasms. The skin features also affect the consequences of electric shock.

• Indirect contact - can be avoided by automatic disconnection for TT system, automatic disconnection for TN systems, automatic disconnection on a second fault in an IT system, measures of protection against direct or indirect contact without automatic disconnection of supply
• Direct contact - can be avoided by protection by the insulation of live parts, protection by means of barriers or enclosures, partial measures of protection, particular measures of protection

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Electrical safety standards organizations

•  Australia (AUS) AS(Australian Standards) - Australia - AS/NZS 3000:2007,AS/NZS 3012:2010,AS/NZS 3017:2007,AS/NZS 3760:2010,AS/NZS 4836:2011
•  Bulgaria (BUL) ???(????????? ???????? ????????) - (On English:Bulgarian state standard) - ??? 12.2.096:1986 Bulgaria
•  Brazil (BRA) BNR(Brazilian National Regulation) - NR10 Brazil
•  China (CHN) GB/CCC - China GB4943,GB17625,GB9254
•  Germany (GER) IEEE/TÜV - Germany NSR Niederspannungsrichtlinie 2014/35/EU
•  France (FRA) NF(La norme français) C 15-100 - Aspects de la norme d'installation électrique France
•  Great Britain (GBR) BS(British standard) - United Kingdom BS EN 61439,BS 5266,BS 5839,BS 6423,BS 6626,BS EN 62305,BS EN 60529
•  India (IND) IS(India Standardization) - India - IS-5216,IS-5571,IS-6665
•  Poland (POL) PN(Polska Norma) - Poland - PN-EN 61010-2-201:2013-12E
•  Russia (RUS) ???? - ???? 12.2.007.0-75,???? ? ??? 61140-2000,???? 12.2.007.0-75,???? ? 52726-2007 Russia|
•  United States (USA) NFPA,IEEE - United States

NFPA 496,NFPA 70

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Electronics and Communications

Electronic products safety standards

The manufacturers of electronic tools must be taken into account with a several standard for electronic safety and protect the health of the humans and animals.

• ANSI C95.3:1972 - Techniques & instrumentation for measurement of

potentially hazardous electromagnetic radiation at microwave frequencies.

•  Argentina (ARG) CNC-St2-44.01 V02.1.1
•  Mexico (MEX) NOM-152
•  Israel (ISR) MET MOC 023/96

Communication and high frequency safety standards

Few standard were introduced for the harmful impact from high frequency, Canada (CAN) CB-02 Radio Equipment

• ANSI/IEEE 1.2 mW/Cm for antennas 1800-2000 MHz range.
• Radio Communication safety  United States (USA) ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992, Russia (RUS) ???? ? 50829-95
• Mobile Communication safety 73/23/EEC and 91/263/EEC

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See also

• Extra-low voltage
• Electrical safety testing

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Gallery

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References

• ???????? ?. ?., ?????????? ?. ?. ??????????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?? 1000 ?. ??????????. -- ?.: ?????????, 1988.
• IEC 60050-195:1998. International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Part 195: Earthing and protection against electric shock. Edition 1.0. - Geneva: IEC, 1998-08.
• Marinela Yordanova - Technical Safety,Bulgaria BDS standards,2010
• M.M. Dawoud, A.S. Farag, J.M. Bakhashwain, and A. Frazi,"Study of EM Fields and

Radiated Power Generated from Dammam Radio Stations,"1998

• N. Kuster, Q. Balzano, James C. Lin - Mobile Communications Safety, Springer Science & Business Media, 6 Dec 2012

Source of article : Wikipedia